Journal: ACS chemical neuroscience

Article Title: Passage Variation of PC12 Cells Results in Inconsistent Susceptibility to Externally Induced Apoptosis

doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00208

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimization and validation of etoposide-induced cell death in PC12 cells (passage 9–13). 50 × 103 cells/well. (a) Approximately 50% cell death was observed after 48 h. Four replicates per experiment. Values are represented as mean ± SD. Multiple t test, Holm-Sidak method, alpha = 5.000%, ****p < 0.0001. (b) Fluorescence measured after 48 h. Flupirtine at 3 μM concentration rescued the cells from apoptosis. Experiment repeated thrice. Values are represented as mean ± SD. Unpaired two-tailed t test, 95% CI, ****p < 0.0001 in comparison to vehicle. ####p < 0.0001 in comparison to etoposide treatment.

Article Snippet: 5 Etoposide (Chem-Impex International, 28435) was stored as a working stock solution of 150 μ g/mL at −20 °C for up to 3 months.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: ACS chemical neuroscience

Article Title: Passage Variation of PC12 Cells Results in Inconsistent Susceptibility to Externally Induced Apoptosis

doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00208

Figure Lengend Snippet: NGF differentiated PC12 cells show a statistically significant difference in sensitivity to apoptosis induced by etoposide between early and late passages at 72 h post insult. (a) Passage 10. Three replicates per experiment. Values are represented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett test, 95% CI. ****p < 0.0001. (b) Passage 17. Three replicates per experiment. Values are represented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett test, 95% CI. ****p < 0.0001. (c) Comparison of 72 h etoposide treatment in passage 10 and 17 PC12 cells differentiated using NGF. Unpaired two-tailed t test, 95% CI, ****p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: 5 Etoposide (Chem-Impex International, 28435) was stored as a working stock solution of 150 μ g/mL at −20 °C for up to 3 months.

Techniques: Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering

Article Title: Re-engineering Antimicrobial Peptides into Oncolytics Targeting Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancers

doi: 10.1007/s12195-020-00626-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemotherapeutic synergy. (a) Isobolograms of MAD1 and Doxorubicin (Dox), Paclitaxel (Ptx) or Cisplatin (Cis) combinatorial synergy in OVCAR-3 (left) and NCI/ADR-RES (right) cells. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) < 1 and < 0.5 represent additive and synergistic effects, respectively. (b) Comparison of Dox and Cis IC50 towards NCI/ADR-RES as either a monotherapy (ADR-RES, black) or in combination with 20 μM MAD1 (ADR-RES + MAD1, grey). Activity of each drug as a monotherapy in pre-resistant OVCAR-3 (OVCAR-3, white) cells shown for comparison. (c–f) Indicated ovarian cancer cell line or patient-derived ovarian carcinoma cells were cultured in ultra-low attachment conditions and treated for 48 h with 2 μM cisplatin or 4 μM MAD1 alone and in combination. Data represent volume in arbitrary units (a.u.) and median.

Article Snippet: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Fmoc-protected amino acids, N,N 0 -diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), and Paclitaxel were purchased from Chem-Impex International, Inc. RPMI-1640, M199, trypsin and EDTA solution, Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution, ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, and 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Corning.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Comparison, Activity Assay, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: Eplerenone inhibited the rapid pacing-induced atrial remodeling. P = AF group and P + E = AF + eplerenone. (a) HE stains in the left and right atrial myocardium of the groups (20× magnification). (b) Masson's stain in the left and right atrial myocardium of the three groups (20× magnification). (c) Collagen volume fraction (CVF %) of left and right atria in each group. Expressions of (d) collagen III, (e) α -SAM, (f) TGF- β , and (g–i) Caspase 3. ⁣ ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 vs. the sham group and # p < 0.05 and ### p < 0.001 vs. the P group; n = 6 per group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: Rapid atrial pacing and excessive circulating ALD can increase AF susceptibility, while eplerenone attenuated AF promotion. (a) AF was induced after rapid pacing. (b) AF inducibility in rabbit models ( n = 7). (c) AF duration in rabbit models ( n = 7). (d) AF inducibility in rat models ( n = 5). (e) AF duration in rat models ( n = 5). ALD2 = aldosterone was pumped for 2 weeks; ALD4 = aldosterone was pumped for 4 weeks; ⁣ ∗ p < 0.05 versus the sham group and # p < 0.05 versus the AF group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques:

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of eplerenone on the autonomic nervous system activity in rabbit AF models. (a) Serum NE concentration in each group. (b) Serum ALD concentration in each group. (c) Serum ACH concentration in each group. ⁣ ∗ p < 0.05 and ⁣ ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 vs. the sham group and ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. the P group; n = 6 per group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of eplerenone on mRNA expression of Cx40, Cx43, M2 receptor, β 1 receptor, and β 2 receptor in rabbit AF models. (a) The mRNA expression of Cx40 in atrial tissue. (b) The mRNA expression of Cx43 in atrial tissue. (c) The ratio of Cx40/Cx43. (d) The mRNA expression of M2 receptor in atrial tissue. (e) The mRNA expression of β 1 receptor in atrial tissue. (f) The mRNA expression of β 2 receptor in atrial tissue. ⁣ ∗ p < 0.05 and ⁣ ∗∗ p < 0.01 vs. the sham group and # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. the P group; n = 6 per group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of eplerenone on protein expression of ChAT, GAP-43, and ERK1/2 in rabbit AF models. (a–g) Representative immunoblots of ChAT, GAP-43, and ERK1/2 for atrial tissue samples in each group. (h) ChAT mRNA expression in left and right atria. (i) GAP-43 mRNA expression in left and right atria. (j) TH mRNA expression in left and right atria. (k) NGF mRNA expression in left and right atria. ⁣ ∗ p < 0.05 and ⁣ ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 vs. the sham group, # p < 0.05 and ### p < 0.001 vs. the P group; n = 6 each group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Eplerenone Inhibits Atrial Autonomic Nerve Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation Through ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway

doi: 10.1155/cdr/6041636

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of eplerenone and ERK1/2 inhibitors on the expressions of ChAt, GAP-43, t-ERK1/2, and p-ERK/t-ERK in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. (a) Representative Western blots of ChAt, GAP-43, and ERK1/2 for HL-1 cardiomyocyte samples in each group. (b) Protein expressions of ChAt in the three groups. (c) Protein expressions of GAP-43 in the three groups. (d) Protein expressions of t-ERK in the three groups. (e) Protein expressions of p-ERK in the three groups. (f) Representative Western blots of ChAt and GAP-43 for HL-1 cardiomyocyte samples in the four groups. (g) Protein expressions of GAP-43 in the four groups. (h) Protein expressions of ChAt in the four groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ⁣ ∗ p < 0.05 and ⁣ ∗∗ p < 0.01 vs. the control group and # p < 0.05 vs. the P group; n = 3 each group.

Article Snippet: Rabbits in the eplerenone treatment group were given eplerenone oral (Pfizer, United States) at a dose of 50 mg/day for 28 days, with right atrial pacing starting from the eighth day.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control